تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری، نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی ذرت دانه‌ای در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان

  In order to study the effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and reserved dry matter remobilization of seed corn (SC. 704 hybrid) a research was conducted at the experimental field in Khuzestan Natural Resources and Agricultural Science University in summer, 2004. This research was made based on three split-plot field experiments, RCBD. Each of the irrigation treatments implemented separately in each experiment have been as follows: Optimum irrigation, Moderate stress and Severe stress (irrigation after drainage 50%, 75% and 100% of available water based on 70%, 60% and 50% of field capacity, respectively). In each experiment three nitrogen levels consisting of 140(N 1 ), 180 (N 2 ) and 220(N 3 ) Kg N ha-1 were applied in main plots and subplots which consisted of three plant populations (D 1 =6, D 2= 7.5 and D 3= 9 plant m-2). There were three replications for each experiment. The results of the combined analysis of variance indicated that the effect of water deficiency stress, nitrogen and plant population on grain and biological yield was significant. With increasing severity of drought stress, the grain and biological yield decreased. The maximum grain yield was estimated to be 1017.04 gm -2 which was related to optimum irrigation treatment. Grain yield reduction was mainly due to reduction of grain per ear and 1000 seed weight. The increase of nitrogen consumption caused an increase in grain yield. The positive effect of nitrogen application on grain yield considerably decreased as a result of the increased water deficiency in soil. The response of grain yield to plant population was positive. The contrary to interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen, and irrigation, nitrogen and plant population, the interaction effects of irrigation and plant population and also nitrogen and plant population on grain yield were significant. The results indicated that the difference between different levels of irrigation in the case of dry matter remobilization rate was significant. The least and the highest remobilization rate of reserved dry matter was related to optimum irrigation and drought moderate stress treatment, respectively. The efficiency and contribution of remobilization in grain yield increased in response to increasing severity of drought stress, but these traits significantly reduced as a result of nitrogen consumption. Remobilization rate and contribution of reserved materials to grain yield in the highest density (D3) were significantly more than other densities. According to the results of this study, under drought stress conditions, the decrease of inputs consumption, in addition to the decrease of costs, will be followed by the increasing efficiency use of the resources.